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Table Of Contents
- Update: Jury Awards $926,000 in Greenfield IVC Filter Lawsuit
- What’s the Problem?
- IVC Filter Complications
- Filter Fracture / Filter Embolization Warning Signs
- Which IVC Filters are Affected?
- Other IVC Filter Brands
- IVC Filter Studies
- IVC Filter Removal
- Large-Scale Study Investigates IVC Filter Safety
- Greenfield IVC Filter Lawsuit
- The FDA Approval Process for IVC Filters
- The FDA’s Monitoring Process for IVC Filter Safety
- NBC News Investigation Reveals ‘Fatal Flaw’ with Bard Recovery IVC Filters
- Studies Evaluate IVC Filter Complications
- Have IVC Filters Been Recalled?
- Is the IVC Filter Litigation Individual Lawsuits or Class Actions?
- NEJM Study: Early IVC Filter Placement Fails to Reduce Blood Clot Risk
- Health Canada Issues Warning on Blood Clot Filter Complications
- When the FDA Recalls Your IVC Filters
- What are the Grounds for an IVC Filter Lawsuit?
- What Money Can Victims Recover?
- FAQs
- Do I Have an IVC Filter Recall Lawsuit?
Update: Jury Awards $926,000 in Greenfield IVC Filter Lawsuit
What’s the Problem?
The inferior vena cava is the main vessel that returns blood from the lower half of the body to the heart.
Vena cava filters are implanted in people at risk for developing life-threatening pulmonary embolisms who are unable to take anticoagulant drugs.
The medical device is umbrella-shaped and has legs that extend to stop blood clots from migrating from the lower body to the heart and/or lungs.
IVC recovery filter candidates are typically people with a history of blood clots, trauma victims, at risk for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or who have had recent surgery.
Unfortunately, IVC filters have recently been found to have the potential to break off and migrate to the heart, lungs, and other vital organs.
When this happens, severe, potentially fatal injuries can ensue.
The medical literature has reported a significant statistical rate of IVC recovery filter failure, fractured filter, and filter migration.
IVC Filter Complications
- IVC Filter Fracture
- IVC Perforation, Puncture, or Serious Damage to the Heart, Lungs, or Vena Cava
- Internal Bleeding
- Blood clots
- Deep Venous Thrombosis
- Cardiac or Pericardial Tamponade
- Ventricle Tachycardia
- Lower Limb DVT
- Hematoma or Nerve Injury at the Puncture Site
- Constant and Severe Pain in the Heart, Chest, or Elsewhere in the Body
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Infection
- Death
Filter Fracture / Filter Embolization Warning Signs
Warning signs that an IVC filter has failed may include:
- Severe pain in the heart or chest
- Anxiety
- Pulmonary embolus
- Respiratory compromise
- Hemorrhage
- Perforation of organs, tissues, or blood vessels
Patients who believe their IVC filter is pierced or fractured should contact their doctor immediately. A computerized tomography (CT) scan or other tests will be used to determine whether the device has failed.
Which IVC Filters are Affected?
Our lawyers are now accepting potential IVC filter lawsuits on behalf of patients who suffered complications after being implanted with the following brands of inferior vena cava filters:
Bard Filters
- Bard Recovery IVC Filter (withdrawn in 2005)
- Bard G2 IVC Filter
- Bard G2 X IVC Filter
- Bard G2 Express IVC Filter
- Bard Eclipse IVC Filter
- Bard Meridian IVC Filter
Cook IVC Filter
Other IVC Filter Brands
- ALN IVC Filter
- Argon Medical OptionELITE IVC Filter
- B. Braun IVC filters (Tempofilter IVC filter, Tempofilter II IVC filter, VenaTech LGM IVC filter, and VenaTech LP IVC filter)
- Cordis OptEase IVC Filter
- Crux Vena Cava Filter
IVC Filter Studies
A research team led by Dr. William Nicholson at York Hospital in Pennsylvania looked at 80 patients who had been implanted with IVC Filters between 2004 and 2009. These individuals underwent fluoroscopy to determine the integrity of the filter and evaluate whether they had broken or if they were still intact.
Patients whose devices were fragmented also underwent echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography.
The study’s results indicated that 13 of 80 patients (16%) who received Bard Recovery and Bard G2 filters had at least one fracture.
1st generation Bard filter had a 25% (7 of 28) fracture rate, with embolizations to the heart occurring in 5 cases.
In 2nd generation devices (including the Bard G2 filter), 12% (6 of 52) were also found to have fractured. In 2 cases, the fragment inhibited blood flow, 1 in the vein coming out of the liver and 1 in the lungs. In the other 4 cases, the fragments stayed close to the filter.
“It is essential that patients and their treating physicians be educated about this previously under-recognized and potentially life-threatening complication of these devices.
Armed with this knowledge, educated patients can be alert to the presence of pleuritic chest pain and other symptoms that should prompt immediate evaluation.
Such early awareness and evaluation could certainly be life-saving. In addition, the propensity for filter fragmentation may be directly related to the duration of implantation. Patients and their physicians should be educated about this fact so that they have the opportunity to consider having the filter removed,” the authors wrote in their report.
IVC Filter Removal
Vena cava filters can be removed if they were designed to be retrievable, according to the Mayo Clinic. IVC filters typically include a hook on the end of the filter which can be grabbed and removed from the body. Permanent IVC filters, on the other hand, cannot be taken out without significantly more invasive (and dangerous) medical procedures.
Removal of filters that were designed to be permanent also increases the risk of complications, such as device fracturing.
Large-Scale Study Investigates IVC Filter Safety
The first large-scale, multi-specialty research trial to evaluate the safety of inferior vena cava filter use in the U.S. began in the spring of 2015 with participation from 7 filter manufacturers.
The study addressed concerns that retrievable IVC filters can migrate or break apart after being implanted, leading to significant health risks for patients.
The study, entitled Predicting the Safety and Effectiveness of Inferior Vena Cava Filters (PRESERVE), was conducted by researchers at the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) and the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS).
The two societies formed the IVC Filter Study Group Foundation, a non-profit entity that sponsored and oversaw the study.
The goal of the research was to obtain a real-world view of the safety and effectiveness of IVC filters placed in the U.S.
The PRESERVE study will benefit patients by helping determine how well filters prevent pulmonary embolism and when retrievable filters should be removed, said Peter Lawrence, M.D., foundation vice president.
Manufacturers and devices included in the study are:
- ALN Implants Chirurgicaux (ALN IVC Filters)
- Argon Medical Devices, Inc. (Option Elite Retrievable IVC Filter designed and manufactured by Rex Medical)
- B. Braun Interventional Systems Inc. (VenaTech LP IVC Filter)
- Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc. (DENALI IVC Filter System)
- Cook Incorporated (Cook Günther Tulip IVC Filter)
- Cordis Corporation (Cordis OptEase Retrievable Vena Cava Filter/ Cordis TrapEase Vena Cava Filter)
- Volcano Corporation (Crux Vena Cava Filter System)
Greenfield IVC Filter Lawsuit
A study published in the European Heart Journal on June 15, 2015, described a 52-year-old male patient implanted with an abnormally deployed Greenfield filter that had shattered and perforated his inferior vena cava.
“Two legs were located in the prevertebral space, one abutted the anterior aortic wall, one leg was deeply invading the right psoas muscle, and two legs arose very close to the duodenum ending up in close proximity to the small bowel loops.”
The FDA Approval Process for IVC Filters
In August 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning against leaving inferior vena cava filters implanted in patients for extended periods due to their potential to cause adverse health complications.
FDA warned that IVC filters are for short-term use in patients at risk for pulmonary embolism, and implanting doctors are to remove the devices once the risk subsides.
The administration was concerned about doctors not retrieving IVC filters intended for short-term placement, exposing patients to problems caused by fractured implants.
The FDA warning came after the study conducted by Dr. Nicholson noted above found a high prevalence of fracture and fragment embolizations with retrievable inferior vena cava filters.
Nicholson’s study was used to challenge the FDA’s medical device approval process.
The agency considers IVC filters Class II devices, or low risk, clearing them without clinical safety or effectiveness data via their controversial 510(k) approval loophole.
The FDA’s Monitoring Process for IVC Filter Safety
Since 2005, FDA has been made aware of at least 921 adverse event reports involving IVC filters, which included:
- 328 cases of device migration
- 146 reports of the detachment of device components and embolization
- 70 cases of perforation of the inferior vena cava
- 56 IVC filter breaks
NBC News Investigation Reveals ‘Fatal Flaw’ with Bard Recovery IVC Filters
As claimed by a year-long investigation by NBC Nightly News [1], the organization has raised serious questions about why C.R. Bard continued to sell its IVC filters even after it became aware that the devices were failing and causing death and other adverse health complications at rates significantly higher than competing brands.
Click on the link below to watch the video:
Studies Evaluate IVC Filter Complications
Two studies and an editorial published in JAMA Internal Medicine raised questions about the placement of inferior vena cava filters.
The research indicates that not only is there a lack of evidence establishing the effectiveness of IVC filters, but that a lack of data has led to great uncertainty as to how to correctly use the implants.
IVC filters were approved under the FDA’s controversial 510(k) fast-track clearance process, which allows devices that are ‘substantially equivalent’ to existing products to enter the market without undergoing clinical trials.
In one study, which examined IVC filter use from one hospital to another, researchers identified a large variation in how the devices were implanted based on where the recipient was treated.
Another study published in the same issue of JAMA looked at nearly 1,000 patients implanted with IVC filters at the same hospital and found that less than 10% were successfully removed, and nearly 8% of recipients suffered a venous embolism despite the filters.
One study looked at 952 patients implanted with IVC filters at Boston Medical Center and found that 7.8% of recipients suffered a venous thrombotic event, and nearly a quarter were prescribed anticoagulant medications.
Of the 679 vena cava filters that were determined to be retrievable, only 58 (roughly 8.5%) were successfully removed. Efforts to remove the devices failed in 13 recipients, just over 18% of attempts.
“Our research suggests that the use of IVC filters for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombotic events, combined with a low retrieval rate and inconsistent use of anticoagulant therapy, results in suboptimal outcomes due to high rate of venous thromboembolism,” the study’s authors concluded.
The other study examined the use of inferior vena cava filters in 263 California hospitals and found that 15% of the 130,643 patients admitted for venous thromboembolism were implanted with the devices.
The rate of IVC filter placement varied widely, with some hospitals never using them, and others implanting them in nearly 40% of patients.
The researchers concluded that additional studies need to be conducted to determine whether the variations in IVC filter use are based on cultural differences between hospitals, or a lack of evidence about the effectiveness of the devices.
Medical technology giant C.R. Bard is currently facing a large number of lawsuits over its Recovery and G2 IVC filters.
The complaints allege that Bard knew – or should have known – about their products’ potential to fracture, but that it failed to warn the public and medical communities about this risk.
Have IVC Filters Been Recalled?
In December 2005, the FDA issued a nationwide Class I Recall for the Boston Scientific Stainless Steel Greenfield Vena Cava Filter.
Devices affected by the recall were made before March 10, 2004, and can be identified by the product code M001505010.
The filters were recalled due to multiple reports of detachment at the bond between the carrier capsule and the outer sheath of the filter’s delivery system during implantation, putting patients at risk of adverse cardiac outcomes.
A total of 8 complaints were received, 2 of which involved severe injuries requiring intervention, and 1 was reported as a death.
There were approximately 18,000 Boston Scientific IVC filters affected by the recall.
Is the IVC Filter Litigation Individual Lawsuits or Class Actions?
In September 2012, a class action lawsuit filed against C.R. Bard over its Recovery and G2 IVC filters was removed from Florida state district court to the federal court system.
Attorneys for Bard filed a petition to have the case transferred to the U.S.
District Court for the Southern District of Florida, which means that the company believes that the class action will eventually likely include more than 100 plaintiffs, that the total claims could top $5 million, and that members of the plaintiff class will be diverse from at least one defendant.
In addition to the Florida case, several other Bard IVC filter lawsuits have been filed in Pennsylvania and California court, each involving similar allegations that Bard knew – or should have known – about its products’ potential to cause serious side effects, but that it failed to warn about these risks.
The claims seek compensation to pay for the medical monitoring patients will require to ensure that the IVC filters have not fractured or embolized in their bodies as long as they remain implanted.
To date, approximately 100,000 Bard IVC filters have been implanted in patients around the country.
NEJM Study: Early IVC Filter Placement Fails to Reduce Blood Clot Risk
According to a 2019 study published in the New England Journal of Medicine, placement of an IVC filter in patients who have recently been admitted to a hospital for major trauma did not reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism or death, compared with patients who did not have filters implanted after a severe injury [2].
For the study, a research team led by Kwok M. Ho, Ph.D., of the University of Western Australia, looked at 240 severely injured patients (median age = 39 years; interquartile range [IQR] = 27-57 years), 122 of whom had retrievable IVC filters implanted and 118 who had no filters.
The researchers found no difference between the IVC-filter group and the no-filter group in the proportion of patients who experienced symptomatic pulmonary embolism or death at 90 days: 13.9% versus 14.4%, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.99; 95% CI 0.51-1.94; p=0.98).
Only 2 patient characteristics were significantly associated with the primary endpoint: higher age (HR=1.3 per 10-year increment) and higher Injury Severity Score (HR=1.5 per 10-point increment; p values not reported), the authors found.
For an invasive, expensive, and potentially risky preventive measure such as IVC filter, selecting the most appropriate patients is the key to making a treatment strategy the most cost-effective, Ho said.
“Having considered this important issue in the design of our trial, we have confirmed that an IVC filter should be reserved for those who are perceived to have a prolonged contraindication beyond seven days after injury to anticoagulant prophylaxis.
A more restrictive approach to using the filters in trauma patients will reduce potentially unnecessary complications, health-care cost, and medical litigation.”
Health Canada Issues Warning on Blood Clot Filter Complications
As claimed by Health Canada, the organization has issued a product safety warning regarding the health risks associated with IVC filters [3].
The agency said it has received at least 121 reports of adverse health complications linked to filters since June 6, 2016, according to the warning.
Most of these complications were reported in patients whose filters had been left implanted for more than 30 days.
Health Canada identifies the following affected products:
A.L.N.
Bard Peripheral Vascular
- Denali Vena Cava Filter
- Bard G2 IVC Filter
- Simon Nitinol Vena Cava Filter
B. Braun Medical
- VenaTech LP Vena Cava Filter System
Cordis Cashel
- Optease Vena Cava Filter
- Trap ease Permanent Vena Cava Filter
REX Medical, LP
- Option Retrievable Vena Cava Filter System
William Cook, Europe APS, and Cook, Inc.
- Cook Celect Platinum Vena Cava Filter
- Cook Celect Vena Cava Filter
- Gianturco-Roehm Birds Nest Vena Cava Filter
- Gunther Tulip Vena Cava MREye Filter Set
Health Canada reminds physicians that vena cava filters are intended for short-term use and that, when possible, they should be removed as soon as the blood clot risk has passed.
Hospitals are encouraged to identify all patients who have been implanted with a retrievable IVC filter so that a formal strategy for filter removal can be formulated.
When the FDA Recalls Your IVC Filters
On October 15, 2014, the U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (JPML) [4] ruled that all federal IVC filter lawsuits involving recalled IVC filters would be centralized in the Southern District of Indiana before District Judge Richard L. Young.
All of the complaints involve similar allegations that manufacturing defects with Cook vena cava filters make the devices likely to fracture, migrate, and puncture internal organs.
What are the Grounds for an IVC Filter Lawsuit?
One of the most common questions asked by our prospective clients is how much compensation a victim will be able to receive in a case.
It is important to understand that every case is different, consisting of a unique set of facts and circumstances that result in different IVC filter lawsuit settlements and different IVC filter verdicts.
Some of the most common factors in determining the value of IVC filter cases include:
- The severity and magnitude of the injuries suffered
- The length of time required to properly heal from the injuries suffered
- Whether the injuries result in a long-term or permanent disability; and a requirement for nursing and home care
- Economic damages (medical / hospitalization costs, lost income, future loss of wages, all future medical and rehabilitation costs)
- Emotional loss (pain and suffering, post-traumatic stress, and other issues identified to have resulted from the traumatic incident that took place)
- Availability for Punitive Damages
- Wrongful death lawsuit
Depending on the injuries suffered, an IVC filter claim can result in an IVC filter settlement or IVC filter verdict in the range of $200,000.00 to $750,000.00.
These numbers are mere averages since every case is different and the value of your specific case will vary.
Negligence
Medical device manufacturers have a legal responsibility to ensure that their products are properly tested, designed, and manufactured. When a patient is injured or made ill by a defective medical device, a negligent manufacturer may be held legally liable for the resulting damages.
Defective Design
A medical device can usually be considered defective in one of three different ways: A design defect occurs when the product is manufactured as designed but is deemed unreasonably dangerous. A marketing defect usually refers to a problem with the product’s instructions or advertising.
Manufacturing Defects
In the law of product liability lawsuits, a manufacturing defect is a defect in a product that was not intended. This kind of defect occurs when a product departs from its intended design and is more dangerous than consumers expect the product to be.
Failure to warn (marketing defects, improper labeling)
Failure to warn is when a manufacturer or seller of a product fails to provide the consumer with adequate or sufficient warnings of the potential risk of an injury known to result from the use of its product, and that failure results in an injury.
Related Article: Defective Medical Devices Cases
What Money Can Victims Recover?
IVC filter victims can sue for both economic damages (such as medical bills) and non-economic damages (such as pain and suffering). If plaintiffs win at trial, the jury decides the reward. But most cases are settled through negotiation with IVC filter settlements.
3 Types of Compensation
1. Economic Damages
Economic damages in a personal injury lawsuit are the real, actual financial losses that you have because of your injuries. They include all of the monetary losses that you sustain because of the accident.
2. Non-Economic Damages
Non-economic damages refer to compensation for subjective, non-monetary losses such as pain, suffering, inconvenience, emotional distress, loss of society and companionship, loss of consortium, and loss of enjoyment of life.
3. Punitive Damages
Punitive damages are awarded in addition to actual damages in certain circumstances. Punitive damages are considered punishment and are typically awarded at the court’s discretion when the defendant’s behavior is found to be especially harmful.
FAQs
What types of complications are associated with IVC filters?
Complications associated with IVC filters include device migration, fracture, perforation of the vena cava or other organs, and blood clots. These issues can lead to severe pain, additional surgeries, and other serious health problems.
What compensation can be sought in an IVC filter lawsuit?
Compensation in an IVC filter lawsuit can include medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other related costs. In some cases, punitive damages may also be awarded to penalize the manufacturer for negligence.
How can patients know if their IVC filter is defective?
Patients can know if their IVC filter is defective by consulting their doctor for regular monitoring, watching for symptoms like pain, swelling, or shortness of breath, and checking for any recall notices or warnings issued by the manufacturer or the FDA.
What steps should be taken if an IVC filter complication occurs?
If an IVC filter complication occurs, seek immediate medical attention, document the symptoms and treatments, retain medical records and any device-related documentation, and consult a lawyer to discuss potential legal action.
Related: Compensation for IVC Filter Lawsuits
Do I Have an IVC Filter Recall Lawsuit?
The Medical Device Litigation Group at Schmidt & Clark, LLP law firm is an experienced team of trial lawyers that focus on the representation of plaintiffs in IVC filter lawsuits.
We are handling individual litigation nationwide and are currently accepting new IVC filter complication cases in all 50 states.
Free Confidential IVC Filter Lawsuit Evaluation: If you or a loved one has had an IVC filter implanted, you should contact our law firm immediately.
Our lawyers are evaluating every individual case regardless of whether you have been injured or not.
So, if you have received an IVC filter implant, we would like to speak with you.
You may be entitled to compensation for an IVC filter settlement by filing an IVC Filter Lawsuit against the manufacturer and our lawyers can help.
References:
- https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/did-blood-clot-filter-used-thousands-americans-have-fatal-flaw-n384536
- https://www.nejm.org/do/10.1056/NEJMdo005549/full/
- https://healthycanadians.gc.ca/recall-alert-rappel-avis/hc-sc/2016/59518a-eng.php
- http://www.jpml.uscourts.gov/sites/jpml/files/MDL-2570-Initial_Transfer-10-14.pdf